Objective - totally unbiased, shows both sides
Subjective - distinct point of view
Direct cinema / cinéma-vérité - objective
- style of documentary
- records as it unfolds
- no manipulation or direction
- usually, the audience are unaware of filmmaker's presence
- Generally has no narrative
A multi-sided or non-judgemental approach helps build tension and adds depth.
By including opposing points go view and contrasting opinions, filmmakers try to provoke people to question their own beliefs.
Micheal Moore - subjective
- often becomes a participant either as a voice behind the camera or in front as a character
- Very controversial and provocative - Fahrenheit 9/11 and Bowling for Columbia
Louis Theroux
- Reflexive documentaries
- In front of the camera as a casual interviewer and takes part in activities but remain detached and impartial
- Focuses on realism and shows things how they are
Expository
- Audience want facts
- Very traditional
- Voice over (Voice of God) explains what is being shown on screen.
- Facts and statistics shown
- Usually wildlife or historic
- Audience is not particularly empowered
Observational
- 'Fly on the wall'
- Real time
- Filmmaker doesn't interfere
- Don't hear questions or voice over
- Follows subject around to obverse
Interactive
- Questioning
- Can be edited
- Lets people have their say and opinions
- Can be used to undermine the contributor making them look foolish or deluded
- Their interpretation of events
- Can be trustworthy
- Representation is very important
Reflexive
- Experimental
- About the filmmaker too
- No attempts to hide the making of or construction of the film (can see cameras)
- A narrative is provided
Performative
- Emphasis on the filmmakers' subjective attitude or personal engagement
- Raises questions
- Stresses emotional aspects
- Demonstrate specifics of personal experience
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